Some usefull Web Dictionary

v Web Dictionary

Access (Microsoft Access)
A database system developed by Microsoft. Part of Microsoft Office Professional. Mostly used on low traffic web sites running on the Windows platform

ActiveMovie
A web technology for streaming movies from a web server to a web client. Developed by Microsoft

ActiveX
A programming interface (API) that allows web browsers to download and execute Windows programs. (See also Plug-In)

Address
See Web Address.

Anchor
In web terms: The starting point or ending point of a hyperlink.

Anonymous FTP
See FTP Server.

ANSI (American National Standards Institute)
An organization that creates standards for the computer industry. Responsible for the ANSI C standard

v  ANSI C
An international standard for the C programming language

v  ADO (ActiveX Data Object)A Microsoft technology that provides data access to any kind of data store.

v  ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
A special type of DSL line where the upload speed is different from the download speed.

v  Amaya
An open source web browser editor from W3C, used to push leading-edge ideas in browser design.

v  Animation
A set of pictures simulating movement when played in series

v  Anti-Virus Program
A computer program made to discover and destroy all types of computer viruses.

v  Apache
An open source web server. Mostly for UNIX, Linux and Solaris platforms

v  Applet
See web applet

v  Archie
A computer program to locate files on public FTP servers

v  API (Application Programming Interface)
An interface for letting a program communicate with another program. In web terms: An interface for letting web browsers or web servers communicates with other programs. (See also Active-X and Plug-In)

v  ARPAnet
The experimental network tested in the 1970's which started the development of the Internet.

v  Authentication
In web terms: the method used to verify the identity of a user, program or computer on the web.

v  ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
A set of 128 alphanumeric and special control characters used for computer storing and printing of text. Used by HTML when transmitting data over the web.

v  ASF (Advanced Streaming Format)
A multimedia streaming format. Developed by Microsoft for Windows Media.

v  ASP (Active Server Pages)
A Microsoft technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages

v  ASX (ASF Streaming Redirector)
An XML format for storing information about ASF files. Developed by Microsoft for Windows Media

v  AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
File format for video files. Video compression technology developed by Microsoft

v  Banner Ad
A (most often graphic) advertisement placed on a web page, which acts as a hyperlink to an advertiser's web site.

v  Bandwidth
A measure for the speed (amount of data) you can send through an Internet connection. The more bandwidth, the faster the connection

v  Baud
The number of symbols per second sent over a channel.

v  BBS (Bulletin Board System)
A web based public system for sharing discussions, files, and announcements.

v  Binary Data
Data in machine readable form

v  Bit (Binary Digit)
The smallest unit of data stored in a computer. A bit can have the value of 0 or 1. A computer uses 8 bits to store one text character.

v  BMP (Bitmap)
A format for storing images.

v  Bookmark
In web terms: A link to a particular web site, stored (bookmarked) by a web user for future use and easy access.

v  Browse
Term to describe a user's movement across the web, moving from page to page via hyperlinks, using a web browser. (See Web Browser)

v  BPS (Bits Per Second)
Term to describe the transmission speed for data over the web.

v  Browser
See Web Browser.

v  Byte (Binary Term)
A computer storage unit containing 8 bits. Each byte can store one text character.

v  C
An advanced programming language used for programming advanced computer applications

v  C++

v  The same as C with added object-oriented functions

v  C# (C Sharp)
A Microsoft version of C++ with added Java-like functions.

v  Case Sensitive
A term used to describe if it is of importance to use upper or lower case letters.

v  Cache
In web terms: A web browser or web server feature which stores copies of web pages on a computer's hard disk.

v  Chat
An on-line text-based communication between Internet users.

v  CGI (Common Gateway Interface)
A set of rules that describes how a CGI program communicates with a web server.

v  CGI Bin
The folder (or directory) on a web server that stores CGI programs.

v  CGI Program
A small program that handles input and output from a web server. Often CGI programs are used for handling forms input or database queries.

v  Cinepac
A codec for computer video

v  Client
See Web Client.

v  Client/Server
In web terms: The communication and separation of workload between a web client and a web server.

v  ClickIn web terms: A mouse click on a hyperlink element (such as text or picture) on a web page which creates an event such as taking a visitor to another web page or another part of the same page.

v  Clickthrough Rate
The number of times visitors click on a hyperlink (or advertisement) on a page, as a percentage of the number of times the page has been displayed.

v  Codec (Compressor / Decompressor)
Common term for the technology used for compressing and decompressing data.

v  Communication Protocol
A standard (language and a set of rules) to allow computers to interact in a standard way, Examples are IP, FTP, and HTTP

v  Compression
A method of reducing the size (compress) of web documents or graphics for faster delivery via the web

v  Computer Virus
A computer program that can harm a computer by displaying messages, deleting files, or even destroying the computer's operating system.

v  Cookie
Information from a web server, stored on your computer by your web browser. The purpose of a cookie is to provide information about your visit to the website for use by the server during a later visit.

v  Cold Fusion
Web development software for most platforms (Linux, Unix, Solaris and Windows).

v  CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
A W3C recommended language for defining style (such as font, size, color, spacing, etc.) for web documents.

v  Database
Data stored in a computer in such a way that a computer program can easily retrieve and manipulate the data.

v  Database System
A computer program (like MS Access, Oracle, and MySQL) for manipulating data in a database.

v  DB2
A database system from IBM, Mostly for UNIX and Solaris platforms

v  DBA (Data Base Administrator)
The person (or the software) who administers a database. Typical task are: backup, maintenance and implementation.

v  DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
An Internet standard protocol that assigns new IP addresses to users as need.

v  DHTML (Dynamic HTML)
A term commonly to describe HTML content that can change dynamically.

v  Dial-up Connection
In web terms: A connection to Internet via telephone and modem

v  Discussion Group
See Newsgroup.

v  DNS (Domain Name Service)
A computer program running on a web server, translating domain names into IP addresses.

v  DNS ServerA web server running DNS.

v  DOM (Document Object Model)
A programming model for web page objects. (See HTML DOM and XML DOM)

v  Domain Name
The name that identifies a web site. (like: W3Schools.com)

v  DOS (Disk Operating System)
A general disk based computer operating system (see OS). Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM personal computers, often used as shorthand for MS-DOS

v  Download
To transfer a file from a remote computer to a local computer. In web terms: to transfer a file from a web server to a web client. (see also Upload).

v  DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)
An Internet connection over regular telephone lines, but much faster. Speed may vary from 128 kilobit per second, up to 9 megabit per second.

v  DTD (Document Type Definition)
A set of rules (a language) for defining the legal building blocks of a web document like HTML or XML.

v  Dynamic IP
An IP address that changes each time you connect to the Internet. (See DHCP and Static IP)

v  E-mail (Electronic Mail)
Messages sent from one person to another via the Internet.

v  E-mail Address
The address used for sending e-mails to a person or an organization. Typical format is username@hostname.

v  E-mail Server
A web server dedicated to the task of serving e-mail.

v  Encryption
To convert data from its original form to a form that can only be read by someone that can reverse the encryption. The purpose of encryption is to prevent unauthorized reading of the data.

v  Error
See Web Server Error.

v  Ethernet
A type of local area network (see LAN)

v  Firewall
Software that acts as a security filter that can restrict types of network communication. Most often used between an individual computer (or a LAN) and the Internet.

v  Flash
A vector-based multimedia format developed by Macromedia for use on the web.

v  Form
See HTML Form.

v  Forum
In web terms: The same as Newsgroup.

v  Frame
In web terms: A part of the browser screen displaying a particular content. Frames are often used to display content from different web pages.

v  FrontPage
Web development software for the Windows platform, Developed by Microsoft

v  FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
One of the most common methods for sending files between two computers.

v  FTP Server
A web server you can logon to, and download files from (or upload files to). Anonymous FTP is a method for downloading files from an FTP server without using a logon account.

v  Gateway
A computer program for transferring (and reformatting) data between incompatible applications or networks.

v  GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
A compressed format for storing images developed by CompuServe. One of the most common image formats on the Internet.

v  GB
Same as Gigabyte, 10GB is ten gigabytes.

v  Gigabyte
1024 megabytes, commonly rounded down to one billion bytes

v  Graphics
In web terms graphics describe pictures (opposite to text).

v  Graphic Monitor
A display monitor that can display graphics.

v  Graphic Printer
A printer that can print graphics

v  Graphical Banner
See Banner Ad.

v  Helper application
In web terms: A program helping the browser to display, view, or work with files that the browser cannot handle itself. (See Plug-In).

v  Hits
The number of times a web object (page or picture) has been viewed or downloaded. (See also Page Hits).

v  Home Page
The top-level (main) page of a web site. The default page displayed when you visit a web site.

v  Host
See Web Host.

v  Hosting
See Web Hosting

v  Hotlink
See Hyperlink.

v  Trojan Horse
Computer program hidden in another computer program with the purpose of destroying software or collecting information about the use of the computer

v  HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTML is the language of the web. HTML is a set of tags that are used to define the content, layout and the formatting of the web document. Web browsers use the HTML tags to define how to display the text.

v  HTML Document
A document written in HTML.

v  HTML DOM (HTML Document Object Model)
A programming interface for HTML documents.

v  HTML Editor
A software program for editing HTML pages, With an HTML editor you can add elements like lists, tables, layout, font size, and colors to a HTML document like using a word processor. An HTML editor will display the page being edited exactly the same way it will be displayed on the web (See WYSIWYG).

v  HTML Form
A form that passes user input back to the server.

v  HTML Page
The same as an HTML Document.

v  HTML Tags
Code to identify the different parts of a document so that a web browser will know how to display it.

v  HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
The standard set of rules for sending text files across the Internet. It requires an HTTP client program at one end, and an HTTP server program at the other end.

v  HTTP Client
A computer program that requests a service from a web server.

v  HTTP Server
A computer program providing services from a web server.

v  HTTPS (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure)
Same as HTTP but provides secure Internet communication using SSL. (see also SSL)

v  Hyperlink
A pointer to another document, Most often a pointer to another web page, A hyperlink is a synonym for a hotlink or a link, and sometimes called a hypertext connection to another document or web page.

v  Hypermedia
An extension to hypertext to include graphics and audio

v  Hypertext
Hypertext is text that is cross-linked to other documents in such a way that the reader can read related documents by clicking on a highlighted word or symbol. (see also hyperlink)

v  IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
A council that makes decisions about Internet standards. (See also W3C).

v  IE (Internet Explorer)
See Internet Explorer.

v  IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
A subgroup of IAB that focuses on solving technical problems on the Internet.

v  IIS (Internet Information Server)
A web server for Windows operating systems. Developed by Microsoft

v  IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
A standard communication protocol for retrieving e-mails from an e-mail server. IMAP is much like POP but more advanced.

v  Indeo
A codec for computer video developed by Intel

v  Internet
A world wide network connecting millions of computers. (See also WWW)

v  Internet Browser
See Web Browser.

v  Internet Explorer
A browser by Microsoft, The most commonly used browser today.

v  Internet Server
See Web Server

v  Intranet
A private (closed) Internet, running inside a LAN (Local Area Network).

v  IP (Internet Protocol)
See TCP/IP.

v  IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
A unique number identifying every computer on the Internet (like 197.123.22.240)

v  IP Number (Internet Protocol Number)
Same as an IP address.

v  IP Packet
See TCP/IP Packet.

v  IRC (Internet Relay Chat)
An Internet system that enables users to take part in on-line discussions.

v  IRC Client
A computer program that enables a user to connect to IRC

v  IRC Server
An Internet server dedicated to the task of serving IRC connections.

v  ISAPI (Internet Server API)
Application Programming Interface (See API) for Internet Information Server (See IIS).

v  ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
A telecommunication standard that uses digital transmission to support data communications over regular telephone lines.

v  ISP (Internet Service Provider)
Someone that provides access to the Internet and web hosting.

v  Java
A programming language developed by SUN. Mostly for programming web servers and web applets 

v  Java Applet
See Web Applet.

v  JavaScript
The most popular scripting language on the internet, developed by Netscape

v  JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)
The organization that promotes the JPG and JPEG graphic formats for storing compressed images. 

v  JPEG and JPG
Graphic formats for storing compressed images. 

v  JScript
Microsoft's version of JavaScript

v  JSP (Java Server Pages)
A Java based technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages. Mostly used on Linux, UNIX and Solaris platforms 

v  K
Same as kilobyte 10K is ten kilobytes..

v  KB
Same as kilobyte 10KB is ten kilobytes..

v  Keyword
In web terms: A word used by a search engine to search for relevant web information.
In database terms: A word (or index) used to identify a database record.

v  Kilobyte
1024 bytes, Often called 1K, and rounded down to 1000 bytes.

v  LAN (Local Area Network)
A network between computers in a local area (like inside a building), usually connected via local cables. See also WAN.

v  Link
The same as a hyperlink.

v  Linux
Open source computer operating system based on UNIX. Mostly used on servers and web servers.

v  Mail
In web terms: the same as e-mail.

v  Mail Server
See e-mail server.

v  MB
Same as Megabyte, 10MB is ten megabytes.

v  Megabyte
1024 kilobytes, commonly rounded down to one million bytes.

v  Meta Data
Data that describes other data (See also Meta Tags).

v  Meta Search
The method of searching for meta data in documents.

v  Meta Tags
Tags inserted into documents to describe the document.

v  MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)
A standard protocol for communication between computers and musical instruments.

v  MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
An Internet standard for defining document types. MIME type examples: text/plain, text/html, image/gif, image/jpg.

v  MIME Types
Document types defined by MIME.

v  Modem
Hardware equipment to connect a computer to a telephone network typically used to connect to the Internet via a telephone line.

v  Mosaic
The first commonly available web browser. Mosaic was released in 1993 and started the popularity of the web.

v  MOV
A codec for computer video developed by Apple, Common file extension for QuickTime multimedia files

v  MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3)
An audio compression format specially designed for easy download over the Internet.

v  MP3 File
An file containing audio compressed with MP3, Most often a music track.

v  MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group)
An ISO standard codec for computer audio and video.

v  MPG
Common file extension for MPEG files.

v  MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
A general disk based computer operating system (See OS). Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM computers, then developed by Microsoft as a basis for the first versions of Windows.

v  Multimedia
In web terms: A presentation combining text with pictures, video, or sound.

v  MySQL
Free open source database software often used on the web.

v  NetBEUI (Net Bios Extended User Interface)
An enhanced version of NetBIOS.

v  NetBIOS (Network Basic Input Output System)
An application programming interface (API) with functions for local-area networks (LAN). Used by DOS and Windows.

v  Navigate
In web terms: The same as Browse.

v  Netscape
The browser from the company Netscape, The most popular browser for many years, Today IE has the lead.

v  Newsgroup
An on-line discussion group (a section on a news server) dedicated to a particular subject of interest.

v  News Reader
A computer program that enables you to read (and post messages) from an Internet newsgroup

v  News Server
An Internet server dedicated to the task of serving Internet newsgroups.

v  Node
In web terms: A computer connected to the Internet, most often used to describe a web server.

v  Opera
The browser from the company Opera

v  OS (Operating System)
The software that manages the basic operating of a computer.

v  Packet
See TCP/IP Packet.

v  Page Hits
The number of times a web page has been visited by a user.

v  Page Impressions
The same as Page Hits.

v  Page Views
The same as Page Hits.

v  PDF (Portable Document Format)
A document file format developed by Adobe. Most often used for text documents.

v  Perl (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language)
A scripting language for web servers. Most often used on Unix servers.

v  PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor)
A technology allowing the insertion of server executable scripts in web pages. Mostly for UNIX, Linux and Solaris platforms

v  Ping
A method used to check the communication between two computers. A "ping" is sent to a remote computer to see if it responds.

v  Platform
In web terms: The computer's operating system like Windows, Linux, or OS X.

v  Plug-In
An application built into another application. In web terms: A program built in (or added) to a web browser to handle a special type of data like e-mail, sound, or movie files. (See also ActiveX)

v  PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
A format for encoding a picture pixel by pixel and sending it over the web. A W3C recommendation for replacing GIF

v  POP (Post Office Protocol)
A standard communication protocol for retrieving e-mails from an e-mail server. (See also IMAP).

v  Port
A number that identifies a computer IO (input/output) channel. In web terms: A number that identifies the I/O channel used by an Internet application (A web server normally uses port 80).

v  Protocol
See Communication Protocol

v  PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
A communication protocol used for direct connection between two computers.

v  Proxy Server
An Internet server dedicated to improve Internet performance.

v  Router
A hardware (or software) system that directs (routes) data transfer to different computers in a network.

v  QuickTime
A multimedia file format created by Apple.

v  RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
A standard for connecting multiple disks to the same server for higher security, speed and performance. Often used on web servers.

v  RDF (Resource Description Framework)
A framework for constructing languages for describing web resources.

v  Real Audio
A common multimedia audio format created by Real Networks.

v  Redirect
In web terms: The action when a web page automatically forwards (redirects) the user to another web page.

v  RGB (Red Green Blue)
The combination of the three primary colors that can represent a full color spectrum.

v  Robot
See Web Robot.

v  Schema
See XML Schema.

v  Script
A collection of statements written in a Scripting Language.

v  Scripting Language
In web terms: A simple programming language that can be executed by a web browser or a web server. See JavaScript and VBScript.

v  Scripting
Writing a script

v  Shareware
Software that you can try free of charge, and pay a fee to continue to use legally.

v  Shockwave
A format (technology) developed by Macromedia for embedding multimedia content in web pages.

v  Search Engine
Computer program used to search and catalog (index) the millions of pages of available information on the web. Common search engines are Google and AltaVista.

v  Semantic Web
A web of data with a meaning in the sense that computer programs can know enough about the data to process it.

v  Server
See Web Server.

v  Server Errors
See Web Server Errors.

v  SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)
An international standard for markup languages. The basis for HTML and XML

v  SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language)
A W3C recommended language for creating multimedia presentations.

v  SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
A standard communication protocol for sending e-mail messages between computers.

v  SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
A standard protocol for letting applications communicate with each other using XML.

v  Solaris
Computer operating system from SUN

v  SPAM
In web terms: The action of sending multiple unwelcome messages to a newsgroup or mailing list.

v  Spider
See Web Spider.

v  Spoofing
Addressing a web page or an e-mail with a false referrer. Like sending an e-mail from a false address

v  Spyware
Computer software hidden in a computer with the purpose of collecting information about the use of the computer

v  SQL (Structured Query Language)
An ANSI standard computer language for accessing and manipulating databases.

v  SQL Server
A database system from Microsoft, Mostly used on high traffic web sites running on the Windows platform.

v  SSI (Server Side Include)
A type of HTML comment inserted into a web page to instruct the web server to generate dynamic content. The most common use is to include standard header or footer for the page.

v  SSL (Secure Socket Layer)
Software to secure and protect web site communication using encrypted transmission of data.

v  Static IP (address)
An IP address that is the same each time connect to the Internet. (See also Dynamic IP).

v  Streaming
A method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred.

v  Streaming Format
The format used for files being streamed over the Internet. (See Windows Media, Real Video and QuickTime).

v  SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
A W3C recommended language for defining graphics in XML.

v  Tag
In web terms: Notifications or commands written into a web document. (See HTML Tags)

v  TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
See TCP/IP.

v  TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
A collection of Internet communication protocols between two computers. The TCP protocol is responsible for an error free connection between two computers, while the IP protocol is responsible for the data packets sent over the network.

v  TCP/IP Address
See IP Address.

v  TCP/IP Packet
A "packet" of data sent over a TCP/IP network. (data sent over the Internet is broken down into small "packets" from 40 to 32000 bytes long).

v  UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration)
A platform-independent framework for describing services, discovering businesses, and integrating business services using the Internet.

v  UNIXComputer operating system, developed by Bell Laboratories, Mostly used for servers and web servers

v  UNZIP
To uncompress a ZIPPED file. See ZIP.

v  Upload
To transfer a file from a local computer to a remote computer. In web terms: to transfer a file from a web client to a web server. (see also Download).

v  URI (Uniform Resource Identifier)
Term used to identify resources on the internet. URL is one type of an URI.

v  URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
A web address. The standard way to address web documents (pages) on the Internet

v  USENET
A world wide news system accessible over the Internet (See Newsgroups)

v  User Agent
The same as a Web Browser.

v  VB (Visual Basic)
See Visual Basic.

v  VBScript
A scripting language from Microsoft, VBScript is the default scripting language in ASP. Can also be used to program Internet Explorer

v  Virus
Same as Computer Virus

v  Visit
In web terms: A visit to a web site. Commonly used to describe the activity for one visitor of a web site

v  Visitor
In web terms: A visitor of a web site. Commonly used to describe a person visiting (viewing) a web site.

v  Visual Basic
A programming language from Microsoft 

v  VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A private network between two remote sites, over a secure encrypted virtual Internet connection (a tunnel).

v  VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language)
A programming language to allow 3D effects to be added to HTML documents.

v  W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)The organization responsible for managing standards for the WWW.

v  WAN (Wide Area Network)
Computers connected together in a wide network, larger than a LAN, usually connected via phone lines. See also LAN.

v  WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)A leading standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones.

v  Web Address
The same as an URL or URI. See URL.

v  Web Applet
A program that can be downloaded over the web and run on the user's computer. Most often written in Java.

v  Web Client
A software program used to access web pages. Sometimes the same as a Web Browser, but often used as a broader term.

v  Web Browser
A software program used to display web pages.

v  Web Document
A document formatted for distribution over the web. Most often a web document is formatted in a markup language like HTML or XML.

v  Web Error
See Web Server Error

v  Web Form
See HTML Form.

v  Web Host
A web server that "hosts" web services like providing web site space to companies or individuals.

v  Web Hosting
The action of providing web host services.

v  Web Page
A document (normally an HTML file) designed to be distributed over the Web.

v  Web Robot
See Web Spider

v  Web Server
A server is a computer that delivers services or information to other computers. In web terms: A server that delivers web content to web browsers.

v  Web Server Error
A message from a web server indicating an error. The most common web server error is "404 File Not Found".

v  Web Services
Software components and applications running on web servers, The server provides these services to other computers, browsers or individuals, using standard communication protocols

v  Web Site
A collection of related web pages belonging to a company or an individual

v  Web Spider
A computer program that searches the Internet for web pages. Common web spiders are the one used by search engines like Google and AltaVista to index the web. Web spiders are also called web robots or wanderers.

v  Web Wanderer
See Web Spider

v  Wildcard
A character used to substitute any character(s). Most often used as an asterix (*) in search tools.

v  Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 95/98, Windows XP
Computer operating systems from Microsoft.

v  Windows Media
Audio and video formats for the Internet, developed by Microsoft. (See ASF, ASX, WMA and WMF)

v  WINZIP
A computer program for compressing and decompressing files, See ZIP

v  WMA
Audio file format for the Internet, developed by Microsoft (See also WMV)

v  WMV
Video file format for the Internet, developed by Microsoft (See also WMA)

v  WML (Wireless Markup Language)
A standard for information services on wireless terminals like digital mobile phones, inherited from HTML, but based on XML, and much stricter than HTML.

v  WML Script
Scripting language (programming language) for WML.

v  Worm
A computer virus that can make copies of itself and spread to other computers over the Internet.

v  WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
An XML-based language for describing Web services and how to access them.

v  WWW (World Wide Web)
A global network of computers using the internet to exchange web documents. (See also Internet)

v  WWW Server
The same as a Web Server.

v  WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get)
In Web terms: To display a web page being edited exactly the same way it will be displayed on the web.

v  XForms
A future version of HTML Forms, based on XML and XHTML. Differs from HTML forms by separating data definition and data display, Providing richer and more device independent user input

v  XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)
HTML reformulated as XML. XHTML is the latest version of HTML. Developed by W3C.

v  XPath
XPath is a set of syntax rules (language) for defining parts of an XML document. XPath is a major part of the W3C XSL standard.

v  XQuery
XQuery is a set of syntax rules (language) for extracting information from XML documents. XQuery builds on XPath. XQuery is developed by W3C.

v  XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A simplified version of SGML especially designed for web documents, developed by the W3C.

v  XML Document
A document written in XML.

v  XML DOM (XML Document Object Model)
A programming interface for XML documents developed by W3C.

v  XML Schema
A document that describes, in a formal way, the syntax elements and parameters of a web language, Designed by W3C to replace DTD

v  XSD (XML Schema Definition)
The same as XML Schema.

v  XSL (Extensible Style sheet Language)
A suite of XML languages developed by W3C, including XSLT, XSL-FO and XPath.

v  XSL-FO (XSL Formatting Objects)
An XML language for formatting XML documents. A part of XSL developed by W3C.

v  XSLT (XSL Transformations)
An XML language for transforming XML documents. A part of XSL developed by W3C.

v  ZIP
A compressing format for computer files. Commonly used for compressing files before downloading over the Internet. ZIP files can be compressed (ZIPPED) and decompressed (UNZIPPED) using a computer program like WINZIP.

IEEE Std 829 Software Test Plan (IEEE Standard for Software and System Test Documentation)

IEEE Std 829 Software Test Plan (IEEE Standard for Software and System Test Documentation)

This article will examine the Test Plan in detail. We shall refer mainly to the IEEE Std 829-2008 (IEEE Standard for Software and System Test Documentation) in this article.

1. Test Plan definition

The IEEE Std 829 defines a Test Plan as, "(A) A document describing the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of intended test activities. It identifies test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, who will do each task, and any risks requiring contingency planning. (B) A document that describes the technical and management approach to be followed for testing a system or component. Typical contents identify the items to be tested, tasks to be performed, responsibilities, schedules, and required resources for the testing activity. (adopted from IEEE Std 610.12-1990 [B2])"

2. Why is a Test Plan required ?

The Test Plan is the fundamental document for testing. The purpose of the Master Test Plan, as stated by the IEEE Std 829 is to provide an overall test planning and test management document for multiple levels of test (either within one project or across multiple projects).

The Test Plan is a medium of communication, used by the testing team to communicate to the other project participants about the team's intent, expectations and understanding of the test activity to be performed. It is important that all the stakeholders of the project review and sign-off on the test plan. The Test Plan helps the testing team to set the right expectations about the intended test activities. It makes for sound business sense to have the review and sign-off happen before starting the test campaign. This will help in avoiding any mis-understanding around the testing effort as well as protect the testing team from potential complaints about the testing performed later in the project.

The Test Plan is a product of the test planning process. The Test Plan may be referred to both as a map and a blueprint for testing. It is a comprehensive document that offers clarity to all the project's stakeholders about testing. It addresses the how, what, when, who, where and why of testing and helps the testing group to focus.

3. What constitutes a Test Plan ?

The IEEE Std 829 provides an outline of the Master Test Plan (MTP). MTP involves selecting the constituent parts of the project's test effort, setting the objectives for each part, setting the division of labor in terms of time and resources, and the interrelationships between the parts, identifying the risks, assumptions, and standards of workmanship to be considered and accounted for by the parts, defining the test effort's controls and confirming the applicable objectives set by quality assurance planning. It also identifies the number of levels of test, the overall tasks to be performed and the documentation requirements.

Master Test Plan outlines1. Introduction

This section identifies the document and describes the entire test effort, including the test organization, test schedule and the system characteristics (such as complexity, risk, safety level, security level, desired performance, reliability, and/or cost) selected as important to stakeholders, and arranged into discrete levels of performance or compliance, to help define the level of quality control to be applied in developing and/or delivering the software. A summary of required resources, responsibilities, tools and techniques may also be included here.Identifier: This uniquely identifies the version of the document by including information such as the date of issue, author(s), approver signatures, status (e.g. draft, reviewed, corrected or final), reviewers and managers. This information may be placed either at the beginning or end of the document. Scope: This describes the purpose, goals and scope of the test effort. Identify the project(s) for which this plan is written and the specific processes and products covered by the test effort. Describe the inclusions, exclusions, assumptions and limitations. Test tasks will reflect the overall test approach and the development methodology. For example, if the development is based on the waterfall methodology, then each level of testing will be executed once. However, if the development is based on an iterative methodology, then there will be multiple iterations of each level of testing. The test approach identifies what will be tested and in what order for the gamut of testing levels such as component, component integration, system and acceptance. The test approach identifies the rationale for testing or not testing as also the selected order of testing. The test approach may also identify the type of testing performed at the different levels listed earlier.
References: This lists all applicable reference documents, both internal and external.
System overview and key features: This describes the purpose and key features of the system or software product under test or reference where the information can be found.Test overview: This describes the test organization, test schedule, system characteristics (such as complexity, risk, safety level, security level, desired performance, reliability, and/or cost) selected as important to stakeholders, test resources, responsibilities, tools, techniques and methods necessary to perform testing.
While describing the test organization, an organization chart may be included to clarify the reporting structure. Include information on the authority for resolving issues raised by testing, and the authority for approving test products and processes.
The test schedule describes the test activities within the project lifecycle and milestones. Summarize the overall schedule of testing tasks, identifying where the task results feed back to the development and related process such as quality assurance and configuration management. Also, describe the task iteration policy for re-execution of test tasks and any dependencies.
The test resources requirement should be summarized to include, staffing, facilities, tools and any special procedural requirements such as security, access rights, etc.
Include information on the responsibilities for testing tasks. Responsibilities may be primary (task owner / leader) or secondary (providing support) in relation to specific test related responsibilities.
Describe the hardware, software, test tools, techniques, methods and test environment to be used in testing. Include information pertaining to acquisition, training and support for each tool, technology and method. Include the metrics to be used by the testing effort.

2. Details
This section describes the test processes, test documentation and test reporting requirements.
Test processes and definition of test levels: Describe the test activities and tasks for all development lifecycle processes. List the number and sequence of levels of test. Levels of test may include component, integration, system, acceptance, security, usability, performance, stress, interoperability, regression, etc. Not all projects will have all the levels of test. Some projects may have fewer levels of test and could combine multiple levels. The test processes may either be described here or reference to already defined standards may be provided.
In addition, the IEEE Std 829 recommends that for each test activity, the following topics be addressed.

Test tasks: Identify the test tasks

Methods: Describe the methods and procedures for each test task, including tools. Also, define the criteria for evaluating the test task results

Inputs: Identify the required inputs for the test task. Specify the source of each input. Inputs may be derived from preceding tasks or activities

Outputs: Identify the required outputs from the test task

Schedule: Describe the schedule for the test tasks. Establish specific milestones for initiating and completing each task, for obtaining input and for delivery of output

Resources: Identify the resources for the performance of the test tasks. Example of resources include people, tools, equipment, facilities, budgets, etc.

Risks and Assumptions: Identify any risks and assumptions associated with the test tasks. Include recommendations to eliminate, reduce or mitigate risks identified

Roles and responsibilities: Identify for each task, who has the primary and secondary responsibilities for task execution and the nature of the roles they will play

Test documentation requirements: Here, define the purpose, format and content of all other testing documents that are to be used (in addition to those that are defined in the "Test reporting requirements" section)Test administration requirements: These are needed to administer tests during execution and involve describing the following.

Anomaly resolution and reporting process: Describe the method of reporting and resolving anomalies. This would include information about the anomaly criticality levels, authority and time line for resolution.

Task iteration policy: Describe the criteria for repeating testing tasks when its input is changed or task procedure is changed. Example, re-executing tests after anomalies have been fixed.

Deviation policy: Describe the procedures and criteria for deviation from the MTP and test documentation. The information for deviations includes task identification, rationale and effect on product quality. Also, identify the authorities responsible for approving deviations.

Control procedures: Identify control procedures for test activities. These procedures describe how the system, software products and test results will be configured, protected and stored. They may also describe quality assurance, configuration management, data management, compliance with existing security provisions and how test results are to be protected from unauthorized alterations.

Standards, practices and conventions: Identify the standards, practices and conventions that govern the performance of testing tasks.

Test reporting requirements: This specifies the purpose, content, format, recipients and timing of all test reports. Test reporting includes test logs, anomaly reports, level interim test status reports, level test reports, master test report and any optional reports defined during preparation of the test plan.
3. General
This section includes the glossary of terms, acronyms, description of the frequency and process by which the master test plan is changed and base-lined and may also contain a change page mentioning the history of changes (date, reason for change and who initiated the change).
A result of the test planning process must be a clear and agreed upon definition of the product's quality and reliability goals in absolute terms. There must be no room for subjective interpretation. Everyone on the project team must know what the testing team intends to do and the quality goals. Test planning is not about filling in a template or writing a document. Test planning is an important activity that must involve testers and representatives from all functions part of the project team. Getting everyone on the same page and on agreement regarding what is to be tested, why it is to be tested and how it is to be tested is key to testing success.

A popular template for Test Plan preparation is the format specified by the IEEE 829 standard for Software Test Documentation.
Before we look at the contents of the template, we should bear in mind that templates are broad guidelines which should not lead to users of the template to stop thinking and focus on just filling up the blanks in the template document. While using the template, one should understand the organization's requirements and evaluate if the template fits your specific requirements or needs any modifications. Sticking to the stock template may result in some information which needs to be captured being left out.
With that short note, lets look at the template itself. The IEE 829 Test plan template includes the following sections.

Test plan identifier : A unique name by which the test plan may be identified and may include version information

Introduction : Summary of the test plan, including type of testing, level of testing (master test plan, component test plan, unit test plan ...), any references to other documents, scope of testing and so on

Test items : The artifacts that will be tested

Features to be tested : The features or items of the specification that will be tested

Features not to be tested : The features or items part of the specification that will not be tested

Approach : Addresses “how” the testing will be performed

Item pass/fail criteria : This could be viewed as the criteria for completion of testing per this plan.

Suspension criteria and resumption requirements : List the criterion for pausing or resumption of testing

Test deliverable : The artifacts created by the testing team that will be delivered as per this plan. Examples include - test cases, test design specifications, output from tools, test reports, etc.

Testing tasks : The testing tasks involved, their dependencies if any, time they will take and resource requirements

Environmental needs : List needs such as hardware, software and other environmental requirements for testing

Responsibilities : List the people responsible for the various parts of the plan

Staffing and training needs : The people & skill sets needed to carry out the test activities

Schedule : List the schedule dates when testing will take place. A safe bet is to tie the schedule to the development schedule in a relative manner without listing hard dates since slippages upstream in development will mean that testing slips correspondingly. Hard dates would result in any development slippages causing compression of testing time.

Risks and contingencies : Identify the risks, likelihood and impact as well as possible mitigation steps

Approvals : Sign-off by the stakeholders denoting agreement

QA is not Testing (QA vs QC)

QA, QC, Testing – more often used inter-changeably and generally meant to imply "Testing".
Lets get our facts straight - QA is not Testing; QC is not only about Testing; Testing is QC.
More explanation follow.
Quality Control (QC) - is oriented towards detecting defects and correction of these defects. QC works on the product rather than the process of producing the product. QC involves a set of tasks carried out to evaluate the product that has been developed. QC is normally the responsibility of the testing team and is considered to be a line function. Although testing is a QC activity, it is not the only type of QC activity. QC includes any activity that examines products to determine if they meet their requirements. Examples of QC activities apart from testing – inspections, reviews, walk-throughs of work products like requirements, designs, code and documentation.

Quality Assurance (QA) - is oriented towards defect prevention and focuses on the process by which the product or application is built. QA involves a set of tasks to ensure that the development process is adequate to produce a system that meets its requirements. QA activities include reviewing design activities, setting standards to be followed in coding and such other process requirements aimed at ensuring that a quality product is built. QA ensures that the process is well defined and looks at methodology and standards development. QA is performed through the life cycle of the product and applies to all involved in developing the product. QA is normally considered to be a staff function. QA looks at items such as identifying areas for improvements in current methods and processes being followed, making processes effective, ensuring consistency in the way these are followed and so on. While QC evaluates the product, QA evaluates the activities involved in creating the product.

Defect classification

Here's a pictorial representation of a defect management lifecycle, that's mapped to the anomaly classification process proposed by the IEEE Standard Classification for Software Anomalies (IEEE Std. 1044-1993).
The IEEE 1044-1993 definition of anomaly: "Any condition that deviates from expectations based on requirements specifications, design documents, user documents, standards, etc. or from someone’s perceptions or experiences. Anomalies may be found during, but not limited to, the review, test, analysis, compilation, or use of software products or applicable documentation."
The process is divided into the following four sequential steps.

Step 1: Recognition

Step 2: Investigation

Step 3: Action

Step 4: Disposition

Example Defect Lifecycle

Test Metrics

Introduction

Test metrics accomplish in analyzing the current level of maturity in testing and give a projection on how to go about testing activities by allowing us to set goals and predict future trends.

Advanced VB script in QTP

ADVANCED VB SCRIPT FUNTIONS

'''Script to create a new excel file , write data
'''save the file with read and write protected
'''''pwd1 is for read protected pwd2 is for write protected
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Add
xl.DisplayAlerts=False
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
ws.cells(1,1)=100
ws.cells(1,2)=200
wb.Saveas "e:\data2.xls",,"pwd1","pwd2"
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing
'''Script to open excel file ,which is read and write protected write data
'''''pwd1 is for read protected pwd2 is for write protected
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Open("e:\data2.xls",0,False,5,"pwd1","pwd2")
xl.DisplayAlerts=False
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
ws.cells(1,2)="hello"
ws.cells(2,2)="new data"
wb.Save
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing

''Script to get the list of links in Google and do spell check
dim d
set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
set d=Description.Create
d("micclass").value="Link"
set a=Browser("Google").page("Google").childobjects(d)
for i=0 to a.count-1
mw.WordBasic.filenew
s=a(i).getROProperty("innertext")
mw.WordBasic.insert s
if mw.ActiveDocument.Spellingerrors.count>0 then
Reporter.ReportEvent 1,"Spelling","spelling error :"&s
end if
mw.ActiveDocument.Close(False)
next
mw.quit
set mw=nothing
''''Script to check ON the checkboxes in yahoo mail inbox
Dim d
Set d=Description.Create
d("micclass").value="WebCheckBox"
Set c=Browser("Inbox (17) - Yahoo! Mail").Page("Inbox (17) - Yahoo! Mail").ChildObjects(d)
For i=1 to 10
c(i).set "ON"
Next
'''script to select a mail having subject 'hi' or 'HI'
n=Browser("yahoo").Page("yahoo").WebTable("Inbox").RowCount
For i=2 to n
s=Browser("yahoo").Page("yahoo").WebTable("Inbox").GetCellData(i,7)
If lcase(trim(s))="hi" Then
Browser("yahoo").Page("yahoo").WebCheckBox("index:="&i-1).set "ON"
End If
Next
'''''Function to send a mail
Function SendMail(SendTo, Subject, Body, Attachment)
Set otl=CreateObject("Outlook.Application")
Set m=otl.CreateItem(0)
m.to=SendTo
m.Subject=Subject
m.Body=Body
If (Attachment <> "") Then
Mail.Attachments.Add(Attachment)
End If
m.Send
otl.Quit
Set m = Nothing
Set otl = Nothing
End Function
Call SendMail("mailto:nagesh.rao46@gmail.com%22,%22hi%22,%22This is test mail for testing","")

'''''''''''''''create a new text file
Dim fs,f
Set fs=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set f=fs.CreateTextFile("e:\file1.txt")
f.WriteLine "hello"
f.WriteLine "this is sample data"
f.Close
Set fs=nothing
'''''''''''''''read data from a text file
Dim fs,f
Set fs=CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set f=fs.OpenTextFile("e:\file1.txt",1)
While f.AtEndOfLine<>True
msgbox f.ReadLine
Wend
f.Close
Set fs=nothing
''''''''''create a new excel file and write data
Dim xl,wb,ws
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Add
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
ws.cells(1,1)=10
ws.cells(2,1)=20
ws.cells(3,1)=50
wb.SaveAs "e:\file1.xls"
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing
'''''''open existing file and write data in second column in Sheet1
Dim xl,wb,ws
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Open("e:\file1.xls")
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
ws.cells(1,2)="mindq"
ws.cells(2,2)="hyd"
ws.cells(3,2)="ap"
wb.Save
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing
'''''''''''read data from excel from rows and columns
Dim xl,wb,ws
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Open("e:\file1.xls")
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
r=ws.usedrange.rows.count
c=ws.usedrange.columns.count
For i=1 to r
v=""
For j=1 to c
v=v&" "& ws.cells(i,j)
Next
print v
print "-----------------------"
Next
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing

get the bgcolor in a cell in excel
Dim xl,wb,ws
Set xl=CreateObject("Excel.Application")
Set wb=xl.Workbooks.Open("e:\file3.xls")
Set ws=wb.Worksheets("sheet1")
r=ws.usedrange.rows.count
c=ws.usedrange.columns.count
For i=1 to r
For j=1 to c
x=ws.cells(i,j).interior.colorindex
msgbox x
Next
Next
wb.Close
Set xl=nothing
'''''''''''''''''''''create word and write data
dim mw
set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
mw.Documents.Add
mw.selection.typetext "hello"
mw.ActiveDocument.SaveAs "e:\file1.doc"
mw.quit
set mw=nothing
''''''''''script will display all the doc files in all the drives in the system
Dim mw
Set mw=CreateObject("Word.Application")
Set fs=createobject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")
Set d=fs.Drives
mw.FileSearch.FileName="*.doc"
For each dr in d
msgbox dr
mw.FileSearch.LookIn=dr
mw.FileSearch.SearchSubFolders=True
mw.FileSearch.Execute
For each i in mw.FileSearch.FoundFiles
print i
Set f=fs.GetFile(i)
print f.Name&" "&f.Size&" "&f.DateCreated
print "-------------------------------------------------------------------"
Next
Next
mw.Quit
'''''''''Open Internet Explorer and navigate to yahoomail
Dim ie
Set ie=CreateObject("InternetExplorer.Application")
ie.Visible=True
ie.Navigate "www.yahoomail.com"
x=Browser("CreationTime:=0").GetROProperty("title")
msgbox x
''''''Create word, Create table and write all the services names
Set mw = CreateObject("Word.Application")
mw.Visible = True
Set dc = mw.Documents.Add()
Set objRange = dc.Range()
dc.Tables.Add
objRange,1,3
Set objTable = dc.Tables(1)
x=1
strComputer = "."
Set wms=GetObject("winmgmts:\\" & strComputer & "\root\cimv2")
Set colItems = wms.ExecQuery("Select * from Win32_Service")
For Each s in colItems
If x > 1 Then
objTable.Rows.Add()
End If
objTable.Cell(x, 1).Range.Font.Bold = True
objTable.Cell(x, 1).Range.Text = s.Name
objTable.Cell(x, 2).Range.text = s.DisplayName
objTable.Cell(x, 3).Range.text = s.State
x = x + 1